ماهو .. (بوليسوربايت -80 ) وما هي بعض استخداماته ....
Polysorbate 80, also known as polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate or Tween™ 80, is an amber-colored, viscous liquid with a slightly bitter taste. It is used primarily as an emulsifier in food products, cosmetics, vitamins, medicines, and vaccines. The product is a derivative of sorbitol and oleic acid, and is manufactured worldwide
Emulsifiers help bind ingredients together and keep them from separating, most commonly with oil and water. It is also a surfactant – a substance which reduces the surface tension of a liquid – which results in an easier, smoother spread. Frequently, it is used in ice cream and frozen desserts to resist melting. Polysorbate 80 is also used as an emulsifier and surfactant in products such as shortening, condiments, chewing gum, dietary foods, and whipped dessert toppings, as well as a host of cosmetic creams and lotions.
Polysorbate 80 is also used as a solubilizer, meaning that it aids in dissolving ingredients that would not otherwise dissolve or that would not fully dissolve. As a solubilizer, it is found in pickled foods, gelatin desserts, liquid soaps, bath gels, and vitamins. It also can be found in many medications.
The liquid also can be used with yeast and cottage cheese as a defoamer. It is used as a wetting agent in the cleaning and preparation of some foods, such as poultry. By contrast, it can be used in products not intended for consumption such as herbicides.
In the 1980s, Polysorbate 80 was put forward as a potential cure for baldness, and was initially well received; however, in 1986, a lengthy hearing involving manufacturers, the United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), and the US Postal Service, a court ruling prevented manufacturers from making anti-baldness claims. Since that time, it may still be purchased as a hair and scalp treatment, provided there are no hair growth claims.
Polysorbate 80 is also used in some eye drops -e.g., ROHTO cool redness. reliever/lubricant eye drops-
DataThe critical micelle concentration of polysorbate 80 in pure water is reported as 0.012 mM.
Food use Polysorbate 80 is used as an emulsifier in foods, particularly in ice cream. Here, polysorbate is added to up to 0.5% (v/v) concentration and makes the ice cream smoother and easier to handle, as well as increasing its resistance to melting. Adding this substance prevents milk proteins from completely coating the fat droplets. This allows them to join together in chains and nets, which hold air in the mixture, and provide a firmer texture that holds its shape as the ice cream melts.
Medical use Polysorbate 80 is an excipient that is used to stabilize aqueous formulations of medications for parenteral administration, and used as an emulsifier in the manufacture of the popular anti-arrhythmic amiodarone.
It is also used as an excipient in some European and Canadian influenza vaccines. It is also used in the culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Middlebrook 7H9 broth.
Laboratory useSome mycobacteria contain a type of lipase (enzyme that breaks up lipid molecules). When added to a mixture of Tween 80 and phenol red, they cause the solution to change colour, so this is used as a test to identify the phenotype of a strain or isolate.
Consumption and potential effectsIn Europe and America people eat about 100 mg of polysorbate 80 in foods per day. Influenza vaccines contain 25 μg of polysorbate 80 per dose.
In general, polysorbate 80 is safe and well-tolerated, although a small number of people may be sensitive to this substance, and it may be harmful to people with Crohn's disease.
Polysorbate 80 is not carcinogenic.
See alsoPolysorbate 20: Used as a wetting agent in mouth drops.
Polysorbate 40
Polysorbate 60: Used as an emulsifier in powdered drink preparations such as hot cocoa mix.
Polysorbate 65
References1.^ Merck Index, 13th Edition, 7664.
2.^ US PTO TESS Registry Number 2885675
3.^ Chou DK, Krishnamurthy R, Randolph TW, Carpenter JF, Manning MC - June 2005
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9/5/2012