[ابوالوليد المسلم]

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[8] Smith P. K., Mahdavi J., Carvalho M., Fisher S., Russell S., Tippett N. (2008). Cyberbullying: Its nature and impact in secondary school pupils, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49, 376–385, doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01846.x.
• Sourander A., Brunstein Klomek A., Ikonen M., Lindroos J., Luntamo T., Koskelainen M., et al. (2010). Psychosocial risk factors associated with cyberbullying among adolescents, A population-based study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 67, 720–728, doi: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.79.



[9] Cassidy W., Brown K. N., Jackson M. (2012). ‘Under the radar’: Educators and cyberbullying in schools, School Psychology International, 33(5), 520–532.
• Cassidy W., Jackson M., Brown K. N. (2009). Sticks and stones can break my bones, but how can pixels hurt me?: Students’ experiences with cyber-bullying, School Psychology International, 30, 383–402, doi: 10.1177/0143034309106948.
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[13] Sourander A., Brunstein Klomek A., Ikonen M., Lindroos J., Luntamo T., Koskelainen M., et al. 2010). Psychosocial risk factors associated with cyberbullying among adolescents, A population-based study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 67, 720–728, doi: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.79.



[14] Ortega R., Elipe P., Mora-Merchán J. A., Calmaestra J., Vega E. (2009). The emotional impact on victims of traditional bullying and cyberbullying: A study of Spanish adolescents, Zeitschrift für Psychologie/Journal of Psychology, 217, 197–204, doi: 10.1027/0044-3409.217.4.197.



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[20] Li Q. (2006). Cyberbullying in schools: A research of gender differences, School Psychology International, 27, 157–169, doi: 10.1177/0143034306064547.
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• Smith P. K., Mahdavi J., Carvalho M., Fisher S., Russell S., Tippett N. (2008). Cyberbullying: Its nature and impact in secondary school pupils, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49, 376–385, doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01846.x.
• Vandebosch H., Van Cleemput K. (2009). Cyberbullying among youngsters: profiles of bullies and victims, New Media and Society, 11, 1349–1371, doi:10.1177/1461444809341263.



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[25] Ang R. P., Tan K. A., Talib Mansor A. (2010). Normative beliefs about aggression as a mediator of narcissistic exploitativeness and cyberbullying, Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 26, 2619–2634, doi: 10.1177/0886260510388286.
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[26] Patchin J. W., Hinduja S. (2011). Traditional and nontraditional bullying among youth: A test of general strain theory, Youth Society, 43, 727–751, doi:10.1177/0044118X10366951.



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[31] Bauman S. (2010). Cyberbullying in a rural intermediate school: An exploratory study, The Journal of Early Adolescence, 30, 803– 833, doi: 10.1177/0272431609350927.



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[33] Spears B., Slee P., Owens L., Johnson B. (2009). Behind the scenes and screens: Insights into the human dimension of covert and cyberbullying, Zeitschrift für Psychologie / Journal of Psychology, 217, 189–196, doi: 10.1027/0044-3409.217.4.189.



[34] Bauman S. (2010). Cyberbullying in a rural intermediate school: An exploratory study, The Journal of Early Adolescence, 30, 803– 833, doi: 10.1177/0272431609350927.
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• Spears B., Slee P., Owens L., Johnson B. (2009). Behind the scenes and screens: Insights into the human dimension of covert and cyberbullying, Zeitschrift für Psychologie / Journal of Psychology, 217, 189–196, doi: 10.1027/0044-3409.217.4.189.



[35] Monks C. P., Robinson S., Worlidge P. (2012). The emergence of cyberbullying; a survey of primary school pupils’ perceptions and experiences. School Psychology International, 33(5), 477–491.



[36] Sourander A., Brunstein Klomek A., Ikonen M., Lindroos J., Luntamo T., Koskelainen M., et al. (2010). Psychosocial risk factors associated with cyberbullying among adolescents, A population-based study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 67, 720–728, doi: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.79.



[37] Patchin J. W., Hinduja S. (2010a). Cyberbullying and self-esteem, Journal of School Health, 80, 614–21, doi: 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2010.00548.x.
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[38] Gradinger P., Strohmeier D., Spiel C. (2009). Traditional bullying and cyberbullying: Identification of risk groups for adjustment problems, Zeitschrift für Psychologie/Journal of Psychology, 217, 205–213, doi: 10.1027/0044-3409.217.4.205.
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[39] Spears B., Slee P., Owens L., Johnson B. (2009). Behind the scenes and screens: Insights into the human dimension of covert and cyberbullying, Zeitschrift für Psychologie / Journal of Psychology, 217, 189–196, doi: 10.1027/0044-3409.217.4.189.



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[43] Patchin J. W., Hinduja S. (2010a). Cyberbullying and self-esteem, Journal of School Health, 80, 614–21, doi: 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2010.00548.x.



[44] Ang R. P., Tan K. A., Talib Mansor A. (2010). Normative beliefs about aggression as a mediator of narcissistic exploitativeness and cyberbullying, Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 26, 2619–2634, doi: 10.1177/0886260510388286.



[45] Patchin J. W., Hinduja S. (2011). Traditional and nontraditional bullying among youth: A test of general strain theory, Youth Society, 43, 727–751, doi:10.1177/0044118X10366951.



[46] Parris L., Varjas K., Meyers J., Cutts H. (2011). High school students’ perceptions of coping with cyberbullying. Youth Society. doi: 10.1177/0044118X11398881.
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[47] Patchin J. W., Hinduja S. (2011). Traditional and nontraditional bullying among youth: A test of general strain theory, Youth Society, 43, 727–751, doi:10.1177/0044118X10366951.
• Paul S., Smith P. K., Blumberg H. H. (2012). Revisiting cyberbullying in schools using the quality circle approach. School Psychology International, 33(5), 492–504.



[48] Smith P. K., Mahdavi J., Carvalho M., Fisher S., Russell S., Tippett N. (2008). Cyberbullying: Its nature and impact in secondary school pupils, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49, 376–385, doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01846.x.



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[50] Cassidy W., Brown K. N., Jackson M. (2012). ‘Under the radar’: Educators and cyberbullying in schools, School Psychology International, 33(5), 520–532.



[51] Cassidy W., Jackson M., Brown K. N. (2009). Sticks and stones can break my bones, but how can pixels hurt me?: Students’ experiences with cyber-bullying, School Psychology International, 30, 383–402, doi: 10.1177/0143034309106948.



[52] Paul S., Smith P. K., Blumberg H. H. (2012). Revisiting cyberbullying in schools using the quality circle approach. School Psychology International, 33(5), 492–504.



[53] Kowalski R. M., Morgan C.A., Limber S. P. (2012). Traditional bullying as a potential warning sign of cyberbullying. School Psychology International, 33(5), 505–519.
• Sourander A., Brunstein Klomek A., Ikonen M., Lindroos J., Luntamo T., Koskelainen M., et al. (2010). Psychosocial risk factors associated with cyberbullying among adolescents, A population-based study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 67, 720–728, doi: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.79.

[54] Englander E. K. (2012). Spinning our wheels: Improving our ability to respond to bullying and cyberbullying, Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 21, 43–55, doi: 10.1016/j.chc.2011.08.013.

• Olweus D., Limber S. P. (2010). Bullying in school: Evaluation and dissemination of the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program, American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 80, 124–134, doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.2010.01015.x.