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31-03-2019 09:44 PM |
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ÅÈÑÇåíã Èä ãÍãÏ ÇáÍÞíá
ÇáÎØÈÉ ÇáÃæáì:
ÇáúÍóãúÏõ ááå ÇáúÚóÒöíúÒö ÇáúÑóøÍöíúãö: (ßóÊóÈó Úóáóì äóÝúÓöåö ÇáúÑóøÍúãóÉó áóíóÌúãóÚóäóøßõãú Åöáóì íóæúãö ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉö áóÇ ÑóíúÈó Ýöíúåö ÇáóÐöíúäó ÎóÓöÑõæÇ ÃóäúÝõÓóåõãú Ýóåõãú áóÇ íõÄúãöäõæúäó) [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö: 12] äóÍúãóÏõåõ Úóáóì æóÇÝöÑö äöÚóãöåö¡ æóäóÔúßõÑõåõ Úóáóì ÌóÒöíúáö ÚóØóÇíóÇåõ¡ æóÃóÔúåóÏõ Ãóäú áóÇ Åöáóåó ÅöáøóÇ Çááåõ æóÍúÏóåõ áóÇ ÔóÑöíúßó áóåõº ãóäú íóåúÏöåö Ýóåõæó ÇáãõåúÊóÏöí: (æóãóäú íõÖúáöáú ÝóÃõæúáóÆößó åõãõ ÇáúÎóÇÓöÑõæúäó) [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝö: 178] æóÃóÔúåóÏõ Ãóäøó ãõÍóãøóÏóÇð ÚóÈúÏõåõ æóÑóÓõæúáõåõº åóÏóÇåõ ÑóÈøõåõ æóÇÌúÊóÈóÇåõ¡ æóÈóÚóËóåõ ÇÈúÊöáóÇÁð áöáúÚöÈóÇÏö¡ æóÃóäúÒóáó Úóáóíúåö ßöÊóÇÈóÇð áóÇ íóãúÍõæåõ ÇáãóÇÁõº Ýóåõæó åöÏóÇíóÉñ áöãóäú ÊóãóÓóøßó Èöåö¡ æóÎóÓóÇÑóÉñ áöãóäú Öóáóø Úóäúåõ: (æóäõäóÒöøáõ ãöäó ÇáúÞõÑúÂäö ãóÇ åõæó ÔöÝóÇÁñ æóÑóÍúãóÉñ áöøáúãõÄúãöäöíúäó æóáóÇ íóÒöíúÏõ ÇáúÙóøÇáöãöíúäó ÅöáóøÇ ÎóÓóÇÑóÇð) [ÇáúÅöÓúÑóÇÁö: 82] Õóáóøì Çááåõ æóÓóáóøãó æóÈóÇÑóßó Úóáóíúåö æóÚóáóì Âáöåö æóÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö æóÃóÊúÈóÇÚöåö Åöáóì íóæúãö ÇáúÏöøíäö.
ÃóãóøÇ ÈóÚúÏõ: ÝóÇÊóøÞõæÇ Çááåó - ÊÚÇáì - æóÃóØöíúÚõæúåõ¡ æóÇÚúáóãõæÇ Ãóäóøåõ - ÓÈÍÇäå - ÎóáóÞóßõãú ÈöÞõÏúÑóÊöåö¡ æóÃóãóÑóßõãú ÈöÚöÈóÇÏóÊöåö¡ æóÇÓúÊóÎúáóÝóßõãú Ýöí ÇáúÃóÑúÖö áöÅöÞóÇãóÉö Ïöíúäöåö¡ æóÇáúÚóãóáö ÈöÔóÑöíúÚóÊöåö¡ ÝóÊöáúßó íóÇ ÚöÈóÇÏó Çááå ÛóÇíóÉõ ÎóáúÞöäóÇ¡ æóÚóáóíúåóÇ íóßõæúäõ ÌóÒóÇÄõäóÇ: (åõæó ÇáóøÐöíú ÌóÚóáóßõãú ÎóáóÇÆöÝó Ýöíú ÇáúÃóÑúÖö Ýóãóäú ßóÝóÑó ÝóÚóáóíúåö ßõÝúÑõåõ æóáóÇ íóÒöíúÏõ ÇáúßóÇÝöÑöíúäó ßõÝúÑõåõãú ÚöäúÏó ÑóÈöøåöãú ÅöáóøÇ ãóÞúÊóÇð æóáóÇ íóÒöíúÏõ ÇáúßóÇÝöÑöíúäó ßõÝúÑõåõãú ÅöáóøÇ ÎóÓóÇÑóÇð) [ÝóÇØöÑö: 39].
ÃóíõøåóÇ ÇáúäóøÇÓõ: ÊóÚúÙõãõ ÞöíãóÉõ ÇáúÔóøíúÁö ÈöÈóÞóÇÆöåö æóÇäúÊöÝóÇÚö ÇáúäóøÇÓö Èöåö..ÝóÅöÐóÇ ÎóÓöÑó ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäõ ÔóíúÆóÇð ÐóÇ ÞöíúãóÉò ßóÇäóÊú ÎóÓóÇÑóÊõåõ ÚóÙöíúãóÉð.æóÎóÓóÇÑóÉõ ÇáãóÑúÁö áöÔóíúÁò Þóáöíúáò ãöäú ãóÇáöåö áóíúÓóÊú ßóÎóÓóÇÑóÊöåö áöÌõáøö ãóÇáöåö Ãóæú ßõáöøåö¡ æóÎóÓóÇÑóÊõåõ áöãóÇáöåö áóíúÓóÊú ßóÎóÓóÇÑóÊöåö áöÃóåúáöåö æóæóáóÏöåöº ÅöÐú íõäúÝöÞõ ÇáÑóøÌõáõ ßõáøó ãóÇáöåö áöÓóáóÇãóÊöåöãú¡ æóÎóÓóÇÑóÉõ ÇáÒõøÚóãóÇÁö áöÓõáúØóÇäöåöãú æöÌóÇåöåöãú ÃóÔóÏõø Úóáóì äõÝõæúÓöåöãú ãöäú ÎóÓóÇÑóÉö ÃóãúæóÇáöåöãú æóÃóæúáóÇÏöåöãú..
æóÇáúÎóÓóÇÑóÉõ ãõÑñø ãóÐóÇÞõåóÇ¡ æóÔóÏöíúÏñ Úóáóì ÇáúÎóÇÓöÑö æóØúÄõåóÇ¡ Ýóåöíó ãóÌúáóÈóÉõ Çáúåóãøö æóÇáúÛóãöø¡ æóåöíó ÈóæóøÇÈóÉõ ÇáúíóÃúÓö æóÇáúÊóÚóÇÓóÉö¡ æóåöíó ÓóÈóÈõ ÇáúÊóøÔóÝöøí æóÇáúÔóøãóÇÊóÉöº ÝóáóÇ íóÔúãóÊõ ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäõ ÈöÚóÏõæöøåö ÅöáøóÇ ÍóÇáó ÎóÓóÇÑóÊöåö..
áóÞóÏú ÐóÇÞó ßóËöíúÑñ ãöäó ÇáúäóøÇÓö ãõÑóø ÇáúÎóÓóÇÑóÉö¡ æóÚóÇÔõæÇ åóãøóåóÇ æóÛóãøóåóÇ.. Ýöí ãóÇáò ÎóÓöÑõæåõ¡ Ãóæú ÍóÈöíÈò ÝóÞóÏõæåõ¡ Ãóæú ÌóÇåò äõÒöÚõæÇ ãöäúåõ..
æóÇáúÞõÑúÂäõ ÇáúßóÑöíãõ ÞóÏú ÚóÇáóÌó ÞóÖöíóøÉó ÇáúÎõÓúÑóÇäö¡ æóÝóÕøóáó áóäóÇ ÑóÈøõäóÇ - ÓÈÍÇäå - Ýöíúåö ÃóäúæóÇÚó ÇáúÎóÓóÇÑóÉö áöãóÚúÑöÝóÊöåóÇ¡ æóÈóíøóäó áóäóÇ ÃóÓúÈóÇÈóåóÇ áöÇÌúÊöäóÇÈöåóÇ.
æóÃóÚúÙóãõ ÇáúÎóÓóÇÑóÉö ÎóÓóÇÑóÉõ ÇáúÏöøíäöº áöÊóÚóáøõÞö ÇáúÍóíóÇÉö ÇáúÃóÈóÏöíóøÉö Èöåö ÓóÚóÇÏóÉð æóÔóÞóÇÁð¡ Ýóãóäú ÑóÈöÍó ÇáúÏöøíúäó ÓóÚöÏó¡ æóãóäú ÎóÓöÑóåõ ÔóÞöíó: (ÇáóøÐöíúäó ÎóÓöÑõæóÇ ÃóäúÝõÓóåõãú Ýóåõãú áóÇ íõÄúãöäõæúäó) [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö: 20] ÝóÌóÚóáó ÎóÓóÇÑóÉó ÇáúäóøÝúÓö Ýöíú ÝóÞúÏö ÇáúÅöíúãóÇäö..
ÊóÃóãóøáõæúÇ -ÚöÈóÇÏó Çááå- ÇáúÊóøÚúÈöíúÑó ÇáúÞõÑúÂäöíøó ÇáúÈóáöíÛó Íöíúäó ÌóÚóáó ÎóÓóÇÑóÊúåõãõ ÇáúÍóÞöíÞöíóøÉó åöíó ÎóÓóÇÑóÊóåõã áöÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú.. æóíóÊóÈóÇÏóÑõ Åöáóì Ðöåúäö ÇáúÞóÇÑöÆö æóÇáúÓóøÇãöÚö: ßóíúÝó ÎóÓöÑõæÇ ÃóäúÝõÓóåõãú ãóÚó ÃóäóøåóÇ ãóæúÌõæúÏóÉñ¿
Åöäóø ãõÌóÑóøÏó ÇáóæõÌõæúÏö áóÇ íõÍóÞöøÞõ ÇáúÓóøÚóÇÏóÉó¡ Èóáö ÇáúÚóÏóãõ æóÇáúÝóäóÇÁõ Ãóåúæóäõ ãöäú ÇáúæõÌõæúÏö ãóÚó ÇáúÔóøÞóÇÁöº æóáöÐóáößó íóÊóãóäóøì ÇáúÎóÇÓöÑõæúäó ÇáúÝóäóÇÁó íóæúãó ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉö (æóíóÞõæúáõ ÇáúßóÇÝöÑõ íóÇ áóíúÊóäöí ßõäúÊõ ÊõÑóÇÈóÇð) [ÇáúäóøÈóÃö: 40] æóíóØúáõÈõæäóåõ æóåõãú Ýöí ÇáúäóøÇÑö: (æóäóÇÏóæúÇ íóÇ ãóÇáößõ áöíóÞúÖö ÚóáóíúäóÇ ÑóÈõøßó) [ÇáÒõøÎúÑõÝö: 77].
æóÝöíú ÂóíóÇÊò ÃõÎúÑóì Öõãóø Åöáóì ÎóÓóÇÑöÊöåöã áöÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú ÎóÓóÇÑóÊõåõã áöÃóåúáöåöãú: (Åöäóø ÇáúÎóÇÓöÑöíúäó ÇáóøÐöíúäó ÎóÓöÑõæÇ ÃóäúÝõÓóåõãú æóÃóåúáöíúåöãú íóæúãó ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉö ÃóáóÇ Åöäóø ÇáúÙóøÇáöãöíúäó Ýöíú ÚóÐóÇÈò ãõÞöíúãò) [ÇáúÔõøæúÑóìú: 45] Ýóßõáõø ÅöäúÓóÇäò íóÓúÚóì Ýöíú äóÝúÚö Ãóåúáöåö æóæóáóÏöåö¡ æóíóÃúäóÓõ Èöåöãú ãóÇ áóÇ íóÃúäóÓõ ÈöÓöæóÇåõãõ¡ æóíõÍöÈõøåõãú ÃóßúËóÑó ãöäú ÛóíúÑöåöãú¡ ÝóáóãóøÇ ÞóÕóøÑó ÇáúÎóÇÓöÑõæúäó íóæúãó ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉö Ýöíú ÅöíúÕóÇáö ÃóÚúÙóãö äóÝúÚò áöÃóåúáöíúåöãú æóÃóæúáÇÏöåöãú Ýöí ÇáúÏõøäúíóÇ æóåõæó ÇáúÅöíúãóÇäõ æóÇáúÚóãóáõ ÇáúÕóøÇáöÍõº ßóÇäóÊú ÑõÄúíóÊõåõãú áóåõãú æóåõãú íõÚóÐóøÈõæúäó Ýöíú ÇáúäóøÇÑö ãóÚóåõãú ãöäú ÃóÔóÏöø ÇáúÎõÓúÑóÇäö ÇáóøÐöíú ÃóÕóÇÈóåõãúº áöÃóäóøåõãú ßóÇäõæúÇ ÓóÈóÈóÇð Ýöíú Ãóáóãöåöãú æóÚóÐóÇÈöåöãú.
ÝóÅöÐóÇ åóÏóì Çááåõ - ÊÚÇáì - ÇáúÃóåúáó æóÇáúæóáóÏó Ýöíú ÇáúÏõøäúíóÇ Ýóáóãú íóÊóøÈöÚõæúÇ ÂóÈóÇÁóåõãú¡ æóäõÌõøæÇ ãöäó ÇáúÚóÐóÇÈö ÈöÕóáóÇÍö ÃóÚúãóÇáöåöãúº ßóÇäó Ðóáößó ÚóÐóÇÈóÇð æóÎõÓúÑóÇäóÇð Úóáóì ÃóæúáöíóÇÆöåöãõ ÇáãõÚóÐóøÈöíúäó áöÝóÞúÏöåöãú Ýöíú ÇáúÂóÎöÑóÉöº áöÃóäóøåõãú áóãú íóÚúãóáõæÇ Úóãóáóåõãú Ýöíú ÇáúÏõøäúíóÇ¡ ÝóíõáúÍóÞõæÇ Èöåöãú Ýöí ÇáúäóøÚöíãöº æóáöÐóÇ ßóÇäó ãöäú ÊóãóÇãö äóÚöíúãö Ãóåúáö ÇáúÌóäóøÉö Ãóäú ÊõáúÍóÞó Èöåöãú ÐõÑøöíóøÇÊõåõãú ÇáãõÄúãöäóÉõ¡ ÝóíõÑúÝóÚõæÇ Åöáóì ãóäóÇÒöáö ÂÈóÇÆöåöãú æóÅöäú áóãú íóÈúáõÛõæúåóÇ ÈöÃóÚúãóÇáöåöãú: (æóÇáóøÐöíäó ÂãóäõæúÇ æóÇÊóøÈóÚóÊúåõãú ÐõÑöøíóøÊõåõãú ÈöÅöíúãóÇäò ÃóáúÍóÞúäóÇ Èöåöãú ÐõÑöøíóøÊóåõãú æóãóÇ ÃóáóÊúäóÇåõãú ãöäú Úóãóáöåöãú ãöäú ÔóíúÁò) [ÇáúØõøæÑö: 21] æóáóíúÓó Ðóáößó áöÃóåúáö ÇáúäóøÇÑö.
æóÝöíú ãóÞóÇãò ÂÎóÑó Èóíøóäó Çááåõ - ÊÚÇáì -Ãóäóø åóÐóÇ ÇáúäóøæúÚó ãöäó ÇáúÎõÓúÑóÇäö åõæó ÃóÚúÙóãõ ÇáúÎõÓúÑóÇäö æóÃóÈúíóäõåõ æóÃóÔóÏõøåõ Úóáóì ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäö: (Þõáú Åöäóø ÇáúÎóÇÓöÑöíúäó ÇáóøÐöíúäó ÎóÓöÑõæóÇ ÃóäúÝõÓóåõãú æóÃóåúáöíúåöãú íóæúãó ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉö ÃóáóÇ Ðóáößó åõæó ÇáúÎõÓúÑóÇäõ ÇáãõÈöíúäõ)[ÇáúÒõøãóÑú: 15].
æóÃóÓúÈóÇÈõ ÇáúÎõÓúÑóÇäö Ýöí ÇáúÂóÎöÑóÉö ßóËöíúÑóÉñ¡ æóåõæó ÎõÓúÑóÇäñ ãõÊóÝóÇæöÊñ ÈöÍóÓóÈö ÃóÚúãóÇáö ÇáúäóøÇÓö Ýöíú ÇáúÏõøäúíóÇ.. æóØóÇÚóÉõ ÇáúÔóøíúØóÇäö åöíó ÃóÕúáõ ÇáúÎõÓúÑóÇäö¡ æóÃóÓóÇÓõ ÇáúÅöÝúáóÇÓö: (æóãóäú íóÊóøÎöÐö ÇáúÔóøíúØóÇäó æóáöíøóÇð ãöäú Ïõæúäö Çááå ÝóÞóÏú ÎóÓöÑó ÎõÓúÑóÇäóÇð ãõøÈöíúäóÇð) [ÇáúäöøÓóÇÁö: 119] áöÃóäóøåõ íóÏúÚõæ Åöáóì ÇáúÊóøßúÐöíÈö ÈöáöÞóÇÁö Çááå - ÊÚÇáì -¡ æóÇáãõßóÐöøÈõæúäó ÎóÇÓöÑõæúäó: (ÞóÏú ÎóÓöÑó ÇáóøÐöíúäó ßóÐóøÈõæÇ ÈöáöÞóÇÁö Çááå) [ÇáúÃóäúÚóÇãö: 31] æóíóÏúÚõæ áöáúßõÝúÑö ÈöÇáúÞõÑúÂäö æóãóÇ Ýöíúåö ãöäó ÇáúåõÏóì æóÇáÑóøÔóÇÏö: (æóãóäú íóßúÝõÑú Èöåö ÝóÃõæúáóÆößó åõãõ ÇáúÎóÇÓöÑõæúäó) [ÇáúÈóÞóÑóÉö: 121] æóÝöí ÂóíóÉò ÃõÎúÑóì: (æóÇáóøÐöíäó ßóÝóÑõæÇ ÈöÂíóÇÊö Çááå ÃõæúáóÆößó åõãõ ÇáúÎóÇÓöÑõæúäó)[ÇáúÒõøãóÑú: 63].
æóáóÇ íóßúÊóÝöí ãöäúåõãú ÈöÐóáößó ÍóÊóøì íóÌúÚóáóåõãú ãöäú ÏõÚóÇÉö ÇáúÈóÇØöáö æóÃóäúÕóÇÑöåö ÇáãõÍóÇÑöÈöíúäó áöáúÍóÞöø æóÃóÊúÈóÇÚöåö: (æóÇáóøÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇ ÈöÇáúÈóÇØöáö æóßóÝóÑõæúÇ ÈöÇááå ÃõæúáóÆößó åõãõ ÇáúÎóÇÓöÑõæäó) [ÇáúÚóäúßóÈõæúÊö: 52].
æóãöäó ÇáúÈóÇØöáö ÇáóøÐöíú íóÏúÚõæ Åöáóíåö Ãóäú íõÒóíøöäó áößóËöíúÑò ãöäó ÇáúäóøÇÓö Ãóäóø ÇáúÃóÏúíóÇäó æóÇÍöÏóÉñ¡ æóÃóäøó ÇáúØõøÑõÞó ßõáøóåóÇ ÊõÄóÏöøí Åöáóì ãóÑúÖóÇÉö Çááå - ÊÚÇáì -¡ æóåöíó ÇáãóæúÌóÉõ ÇáóøÊöí ÑóßöÈóåóÇ ÏõÚóÇÉõ æóÍúÏóÉö ÇáúÃóÏúíóÇäö¡ æóãõÐöíÈõæ ÇáúæóáóÇÁö æóÇáúÈóÑóÇÁö Ýöíú ãõÕúØóáóÍóÇÊö ÇáúÂÎöÑö æóÇáÊóøÚóÇíõÔö ÇáÓöøáúãöíöø æóäóÍúæöåóÇ¡ ÑóÛúãó Ãóäóø ßõáóø Ïöíäò æóãöáóøÉò ÛóíúÑö ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö Ýóåöíó ØóÑöíÞõ ÇáúÎõÓúÑóÇäö: (æóãóäú íóÈúÊóÛö ÛóíúÑó ÇáúÅöÓúáóÇãö ÏöíúäóÇð Ýóáóäú íõÞúÈóáó ãöäúåõ æóåõæó Ýöíú ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö ãöäó ÇáúÎóÇÓöÑöíúäó) [Âóáö ÚöãúÑóÇäó: 85] æóÝöí ÂíóÉò ÃõÎúÑóì: (æóãóäú íóßúÝõÑú ÈöÇáÅöíúãóÇäö ÝóÞóÏú ÍóÈöØó Úóãóáõåõ æóåõæó Ýöíú ÇáúÂÎöÑóÉö ãöäó ÇáúÎóÇÓöÑöíúäó) [ÇáúãóÇÆöÏóÉö: 5].
æóßóãú ãöäú ãõÌúÊóåöÏò Ýöíú ÈóÇØöáò áóÇ íóäúÝóÚõåõ ÇÌúÊöåóÇÏõåõ¿! æóßóãú ãöäú ãõäúÞóØöÚò Ýöíú ãóÚúÈóÏò Ãóæú ßóäöíúÓóÉò íóÊóÚóÈóøÏõ ÝöíúåóÇ áóÇ ÊõÛúäöí Úóäúåõ ÚöÈóÇÏóÊõåõ ÔóíúÆóÇð!! æóáóæú Ùóäóø Ãóäóøåõ ÑóÇÈöÍñ ÝóÅöäóøåõ Ýöí ÇáúÍóÞöíÞóÉö ÎóÇÓöÑñ: (Þõáú åóáú äõäóÈöøÆõßõãú ÈöÇáúÃóÎúÓóÑöíäó ÃóÚúãóÇáóÇð * ÇáóøÐöíúäó Öóáóø ÓóÚúíõåõãú Ýöí ÇáúÍóíóÇÉö ÇáúÏõøäúíóÇ æóåõãú íóÍúÓóÈõæúäó Ãóäóøåõãú íõÍúÓöäõæúäó ÕõäúÚóÇð) [ÇáúßóåúÝö: 103-104].
æóÇáúÔóøíúØóÇäõ íõÒóíöøäõ áöáúÅöäúÓóÇäö ÊóÑóßó ÇáØóøÇÚóÇÊö¡ æóÅöÊúíóÇäó ÇáãõÍóÑóøãóÇÊö¡ ÍóÊóøì ÊóÎöÝøó ãóæóÇÒöíäõåõ ÝóíóÎúÓóÑó: (æóãóäú ÎóÝóøÊú ãóæóÇÒöíäõåõ ÝóÃõæúáóÆößó ÇáóøÐöíúäó ÎóÓöÑõæÇ ÃóäúÝõÓóåõãú Ýöíú Ìóåóäóøãó ÎóÇáöÏõæäó) [ÇáúãõÄúãöäõæúäó: 103].
æóåõæó ÇáóøÐöíú íõÒóíöøäõ áöáúäóøÇÓö ÇáöÇÓúÊöãúÊóÇÚó ÈöÇáúÏõøäúíóÇ æóãóáóÐóøÇÊöåóÇ¡ æóÅöåúãóÇáó ÇáúÂóÎöÑóÉö æóÃóÚúãóÇáöåóǺ ÍóÊóøì íóÎúÓóÑõæÇ: (ÝóÇÓúÊóãúÊóÚúÊõãú ÈöÎóáóÇÞößõãú ßóãóÇ ÇÓúÊóãúÊóÚó ÇáóøÐöíúäó ãöäú ÞóÈúáößõãú ÈöÎóáóÇÞöåöãú æóÎõÖúÊõãú ßóÇáóøÐöí ÎóÇÖõæÇ ÃõæúáóÆößó ÍóÈöØóÊú ÃóÚúãóÇáõåõãú Ýöíú ÇáúÏõøäúíóÇ æóÇáÂóÎöÑóÉö æóÃõæúáóÆößó åõãõ ÇáúÎóÇÓöÑõæúäó) [ÇáúÊóøæúÈóÉó: 69].
Ýóãóäö ÇÊóøÈóÚó ÇáúÔóøíúØóÇäó ÝóÞóÏú ÍóÞóø Úóáóíúåö ÇáúÎõÓúÑóÇäõ áóÇ ãóÍóÇáóÉó: (ÃõæúáóÆößó ÍöÒúÈõ ÇáúÔóøíúØóÇäö ÃóáóÇ Åöäóø ÍöÒúÈó ÇáúÔóøíúØóÇäö åõãõ ÇáúÎóÇÓöÑõæúäó) [ÇáúãõÌóÇÏóáóÉö: 19].
æóãöäú ÃóÓúÈóÇÈö ÇáúÎõÓúÑóÇäö: ÇÊöøÈóÇÚõ ÞõÑóäóÇÁö ÇáúÓõøæúÁö¡ æóØóÇÚóÉõ ÔóíóÇØöíúäö ÇáúÌöäøö æóÇáúÅöäúÓö: (æóÞóíóøÖúäóÇ áóåõãú ÞõÑóäóÇÁó ÝóÒóíóøäõæÇ áóåõãú ãóÇ Èóíúäó ÃóíúÏöíóåöãú æóãóÇ ÎóáúÝóåõãú æóÍóÞóø Úóáóíúåöãõ ÇáúÞóæúáõ Ýöíú Ãõãóãò ÞóÏú ÎóáóÊú ãöäú ÞóÈúáöåöãú ãöäó ÇáúÌöäöø æóÇáúÅöäúÓö Åöäóøåõãú ßóÇäõæúÇ ÎóÇÓöÑöíúäó) [ÝõÕöøáóÊú: 25].
æóØóÇÚóÉõ ÇáúÎóÇÓöÑöíúäó ÓóÈóÈñ áóáúÎóÓóÇÑóÉö¡ Ýóãóäú ÑóÃóì ÎóÇÓöÑóÇð Ýöíú ÊöÌóÇÑóÊöåö ÈöÓóÈóÈö ÊóÎúÈõØöåö åóáú íõØöíúÚõåõ Ãóæú íõÓóáöøãõåõ ãóÇáóåõ ÝóíóÎúÓóÑõ ãöËúáóåõ¿ ßóáóøÇº ÝóÇáúÚõÞóáóÇÁõ áóÇ íóÝúÚóáõæúäó Ðóáößó¡ ÝóãóÇ ÈóÇáõ ßóËöíúÑò ãöäó ÇáúäóøÇÓö íõØöíúÚõæúäó ÇáúßõÝóøÇÑó æóÇáãõäóÇÝöÞöíúäó ãóÚó íóÞöíúäöåöãú ÈöÎõÓúÑóÇäöåöãú¡ æóÞóÏú ÍóÐóøÑóäóÇ Çááåõ - ÊÚÇáì -ãöäú Ðóáößó: (íóÇ ÃóíõøåóÇ ÇáóøÐöíúäó ÂãóäõæóÇ Åöäú ÊõØöíúÚõæúÇ ÇáóøÐöíúäó ßóÝóÑõæÇ íóÑõÏõøæúßõãú Úóáóì ÃóÚúÞóÇÈößõãú ÝóÊóäúÞóáöÈõæÇ ÎóÇÓöÑöíúäó) [Âóáö ÚöãúÑóÇäó: 149].
æóãöäú ÃóÓúÈóÇÈö ÇáúÎõÓúÑóÇäö: ÇáöÇÔúÊöÛóÇáõ ÈöÇáãóÇáö æóÇáúæóáóÏö Úóäö ÇáúÝóÑóÇÆöÖö æóÇáúæóÇÌöÈóÇÊö¡ æóÅöåúãóÇáõ ÇáúÈóÇÞöíóÇÊö ÇáúÕóøÇáöÍóÇÊö: (íóÇ ÃóíõøåóÇ ÇáóøÐöíúäó ÂãóäõæúÇ áóÇ Êõáúåößõãú ÃóãúæóÇáõßõãú æóáóÇ ÃóæúáóÇÏõßõãú Úóäú ÐößúÑö Çááå æóãóäú íóÝúÚóáú Ðóáößó ÝóÃõæúáóÆößó åõãõ ÇáúÎóÇÓöÑõæúäó) [ÇáúãõäóÇÝöÞõæúäó: 9].
æóãöäú Ãóåóãöø ÃóÓúÈóÇÈö ÇáúÎõÓúÑóÇäö ÇáóøÊöíú äóÈóøåó ÚóáóíúåóÇ ÇáúäóøÈöíõø - Õáì Çááå Úáíå æÓáã - ÊóÖúíöíúÚõ ÇáúÕóøáóæóÇÊö ÇáãóÝúÑõæúÖóÉö ÝóÞóÇáó - Õáì Çááå Úáíå æÓáã -: ((Ãóäóø Ãóæóøáó ãóÇ íõÍóÇÓóÈõ Èöåö ÇáúÚóÈúÏõ íóæúãó ÇáúÞöíóÇãóÉö ãöäú Úóãóáöåö ÕóáóÇÊõåõ ÝóÅöäú ÕóáõÍóÊú ÝóÞóÏú ÃóÝúáóÍó æóÃóäúÌóÍó æóÅöäú ÝóÓóÏóÊú ÝóÞóÏú ÎóÇÈó æóÎóÓöÑó)) ÑóæóÇåõ ÇáúäóøÓóÇÆöíõø æóÇáúÊöøÑúãöÐöíõø.
æóãöäó ÇáúÎõÓúÑóÇäö Ãóäú íóÊóÚóÇãóáó ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäõ ãóÚó Ïöíäö Çááå - ÊÚÇáì - ÊóÚóÇãõáóÇð ãóÕúáóÍöíøóÇðº ÝóíõÓóÎöøÑõ Ïöíúäóåõ áöÎöÏúãóÉö ÏõäúíóÇåõ¡ æóíóÊóãóÓóøßõ Èöåö Ýöí ÇáúäóøÚúãóÇÁö¡ æóíóäúÍóÑöÝõ Úóäúåõ Ýöí ÇáúÖóøÑóøÇÁö¡ æóÞóÏú ÑóÃóíúäóÇ Ðóáößó Ýöí ÇáãõäúÊóßöÓöíäó Úóäú Ïöíäöåöãú¡ ÇáäøóÇßöÕöíäó Úóáóì ÃóÚúÞóÇÈöåöãú¡ ÝóãõÚóÇãóáóÉõ Çááå - ÊÚÇáì - ÈöåóÐöåö ÇáúØóøÑöíúÞóÉö ÓóÈóÈñ áöáúÎõÓúÑóÇäö ÇáãõÈöíúäö: (æóãöäó ÇáúäóøÇÓö ãóäú íóÚúÈõÏõ Çááåó Úóáóì ÍóÑúÝò ÝóÅöäú ÃóÕóÇÈóåõ ÎóíúÑñ ÇØúãóÃóäóø Èöåö æóÅöäú ÃóÕóÇÈóÊúåõ ÝöÊúäóÉñ ÇäúÞóáóÈó Úóáóì æóÌúåöåö ÎóÓöÑó ÇáúÏõøäúíóÇ æóÇáúÂÎöÑóÉó Ðóáößó åõæó ÇáúÎõÓúÑóÇäõ ÇáãõÈöíúäõ) [ÇáúÍóÌöø: 11].
Ýóåõæó ÎõÓúÑóÇäñ Ýöíåö ãóÇ íõÈóíøöäõ áöáäøóÇÓö Ãóäøóåõ ÎõÓúÑóÇäñ ÈöÃóÏúäóì ÊóÃóãøõáò¡ æóÇáúãõÑóÇÏõ Ãóäøóåõ ÎõÓúÑóÇäñ ÔóÏöíÏñ áóÇ íóÎúÝóì. ÞÇá ÇÈä ÚóÈøóÇÓò - ÑÖí Çááå ÚäåãÇ - Ýí ÓÈÈ äÒæáåÇ: "ßÇä ÇáÑøóÌõáõ íóÞúÏóãõ ÇáãóÏöíäóÉó ÝóÅöäú æóáóÏóÊú ÇãúÑóÃóÊõåõ ÛõáóÇãðÇ æóäõÊöÌóÊú Îóíúáõåõ ÞÇá åÐÇ Ïöíäñ ÕóÇáöÍñ¡ æóÅöäú áã ÊóáöÏú ÇãúÑóÃóÊõåõ æáã ÊõäúÊóÌú Îóíúáõåõ ÞÇá åÐÇ Ïöíäõ ÓõæÁò" ÑæÇå ÇáÈÎÇÑí.
äóÚõæúÐõ ÈöÇááå - ÊÚÇáì - ãöäó ÇáúÎõÐúáóÇäö æóÇáúÎõÓúÑóÇäö¡ æóäóÓúÃóáõåõ - ÓÈÍÇäå - ÇáúÅöÎúáóÇÕó Ýöí ÇáúÃóÞúæóÇáö æóÇáúÃóÚúãóÇáö¡ æóÇáËóøÈóÇÊó Úóáóì ÇáúÍóÞöø Åöáóì ÇáãóãóÇÊö¡ Åöäóøåõ ÓóãöíúÚñ ãõÌöíúÈñ.
ÃóÞõæúáó ãóÇ ÊóÓúãóÚõæúäó æóÃóÓúÊóÛúÝöÑõ Çááåó áöí æóáóßõãú..
ÇáÎõØúÈóÉõ ÇáúËóøÇäöíóÉõ:
ÇáúÍóãúÏõ ááå ÍóãúÏóÇð ØóíöøÈóÇð ßóËöíúÑóÇð ãõÈóÇÑóßóÇð Ýöíúåö ßóãóÇ íõÍöÈõø ÑóÈõøäóÇ æóíóÑúÖóì¡ æóÃóÔúåóÏõ Ãóäú áóÇ Åöáóåó ÅöáøóÇ Çááåõ æóÍúÏóåõ áóÇ ÔóÑöíúßó áóåõ¡ æóÃóÔúåóÏõ Ãóäóø ãõÍóãóøÏóÇð ÚóÈúÏõåõ æóÑóÓõæáõåõ Õóáóøì Çááåõ æóÓóáóøãó æóÈóÇÑóßó Úóáóíúåö æóÚóáóì Âáöåö æóÃóÕúÍóÇÈöåö æóãóäö ÇåúÊóÏóì ÈöåõÏóÇåõãú Åöáóì íóæúãö ÇáúÏöøíäö..
ÃóãóøÇ ÈóÚúÏõ: ÝóÇÊóøÞõæÇ Çááåó - ÊÚÇáì – æóÃóØöíúÚõæúåõ: (æóÇÊóøÞõæÇ ÇáúäóøÇÑó ÇáóøÊöíú ÃõÚöÏóøÊú áöáúßóÇÝöÑöíúäó * æóÃóØöíúÚõæúÇ Çááåó æóÇáúÑóøÓõæúáó áóÚóáóøßõãú ÊõÑúÍóãõæúäó) [Âóáö ÚöãúÑóÇäó: 131-132].
ÃóíõøåóÇ ÇáãõÓúáöãõæúäó: ßóÇäó ÇáúÃóäúÈöíóÇÁõ - Úáíåã ÇáÓáÇã - íóÎóÇÝõæúäó ÇáúÎõÓúÑóÇäó Úóáóì ÃóäúÝõÓöåöãú æóÚóáóì ÃóÞúæóÇãöåöãú¡ æóßóÇäõæÇ íõÍóÐöøÑõæúäó ÇáúäóøÇÓó ãöäú ÃóÓúÈóÇÈö ÇáúÎóÓóÇÑóÉö¡ æóíóÏúÚõæäóåõãú Åöáóì ÇáÑöøÈúÍö æóÇáúÝóáóÇÍö.
ßóÇäõæÇ íóÚúáóãõæúäó Ãóäóø ÎóÓóÇÑóÉó Èóäöí ÂóÏóãó åöíó Ýöíú ÛóÖóÈö Çááå - ÊÚÇáì -Úóáóíúåöãú¡ æóãóÞúÊöåö áóåõãú ÈöÓóÈóÈö ÐõäõæúÈöåöãúº æóáöÐóÇ ÝóÅöäóø ÇáúÃóÈóæóíúäö ÇáúßóÑöíúãóíúäö - ÚáíåãÇ ÇáÓáÇã - áãóøÇ ÃóßóáóÇ ãöäó ÇáúÔóøÌóÑóÉö ÈóÇÏóÑóÇ ÈöÇáöÇÓúÊöÛúÝóÇÑö ÎóæúÝóÇð ãöäó ÇáúÎõÓúÑóÇäö¡ æóÑóÌóÇÁó ÇáúÛõÝúÑóÇäö: (ÞóÇáóÇ ÑóÈóøäóÇ ÙóáóãúäóÇ ÃóäúÝõÓóäóÇ æóÅöäú áóãú ÊóÛúÝöÑú áóäóÇ æóÊóÑúÍóãúäóÇ áóäóßõæúäóäóø ãöäó ÇáúÎóÇÓöÑöíúäó) [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝö: 23].
æóáãóøÇ ÃóÑóÇÏó äõæÍñ - Úáíå ÇáÓáÇã - äóÌóÇÉó ÇÈúäöåö ÏóÚóÇ áóåõ ÈöåóÇ¡ ÝóæóÚóÙóåõ ÑóøÈøõåõ - ÓÈÍÇäå - ãõÎúÈöÑóÇð ÅöíóøÇåõ Ãóäú ÇÈúäóåõ ãõÔúÑößñ ÝóáóíúÓó ãöäúåõ¡ ÝóÈóÇÏóÑó äõæúÍñ ÈöÇáöÇÓúÊöÛúÝóÇÑö ÎóæúÝó ÇáúÎõÓúÑóÇäö: (ÞóÇáó ÑóÈöø Åöäöøí ÃóÚõæúÐõ Èößó Ãóäú ÃóÓúÃóáóßó ãóÇ áóíúÓó áöí Èöåö Úöáúãñ æóÅöáóøÇ ÊóÛúÝöÑú áöí æóÊóÑúÍóãúäöí Ãóßõäú ãöäó ÇáúÎóÇÓöÑöíúäó) [åõæúÏò: 47] æóÃóÎúÈóÑó - Úáíå ÇáÓáÇã - Úóäú Þóæúãöåö ÈöãóÇ íõÝöíúÏõ ÎõÓúÑóÇäóåõãú: (ÞóÇáó äõæúÍñ ÑóøÈöø Åöäóøåõãú ÚóÕóæúäöí æóÇÊóøÈóÚõæÇ ãóäú áóãú íóÒöÏúåõ ãóÇáõåõ æóæóáóÏõåõ ÅöáóøÇ ÎóÓóÇÑóÇð) [äõæúÍò: 21].
æóåõæÏñ - Úáíå ÇáÓáÇã - áãóøÇ ÏóÚóÇ Þóæúãóåõ áöáúÅöíúãóÇäö ÝóÚóÕóæúåõ æóÏóÚõæúåõ áöáúãóÚúÕöíóÉö Èöíóøäó áóåõãú Ãóäú ÇáúÎõÓúÑóÇäó ÅöäóøãóÇ íóßõæúäõ ÈöãóÚúÕöíóÉö Çááå - ÊÚÇáì -¡ æóÃóäóøåõ Åöäú ÃóØóÇÚóåõãú ÝóÞóÏú ÎóÓöÑó: (ÞóÇáó íóÇ Þóæúãö ÃóÑóÃóíúÊõãú Åöäú ßõäúÊõ Úóáóì ÈóíöøäóÉò ãöäú ÑóÈöøí æóÂÊóÇäöí ãöäúåõ ÑóÍúãóÉð Ýóãóäú íóäúÕõÑõäöí ãöäó Çááå Åöäú ÚóÕóíúÊõåõ ÝóãóÇ ÊóÒöíúÏõæúäóäöí ÛóíúÑó ÊóÎúÓöíÑò) [åõæúÏò: 63].
æóãöäó ÇáúÎõÓúÑóÇäö ãóÇ íóßõæúäõ Ýöíú ÇáÏõøäúíóÇ Íöíúäó íóÃúãóäõ ÇáúäóøÇÓõ ãóßúÑó Çááå - ÊÚÇáì -¡ æóáóÇ íóÊóøÞõæúäó ÛóÖóÈóåõ - ÓÈÍÇäå -¡ æóáóÇ íóÎóÇÝõæúäó ÚóÐóÇÈóåõ - ÚÒ æÌá -º ÝóíóäúÒöáõ Èöåöãú æóåõãú Âãöäõæäó¡ ÝóíóÎúÓóÑõæäó Ãóãúäóåõãú æóÑöÒúÞóåõãú¡ æóáóÑõÈóøãóÇ ÃóÊóì ÇáúÎõÓúÑóÇäõ Úóáóì Ãóåúáöíúåöãú æóÃóæúáÇÏöåöãú: (ÃóÝóÃóãöäõæÇ ãóßúÑó Çááå ÝóáóÇ íóÃúãóäõ ãóßúÑó Çááå ÅöáóøÇ ÇáúÞóæúãõ ÇáúÎóÇÓöÑõæúäó) [ÇáúÃóÚúÑóÇÝö: 99].
æóÊöáúßó ÎóÓóÇÑóÉõ ÇáúÏõøäúíóÇ ÇáóøÊöí ÞóÏú ÊóÊúÈóÚõåóÇ ÎóÓóÇÑóÉõ ÇáúÂóÎöÑóÉö Åöäú åóáóßõæúÇ ÞóÈúáó Ãóäú íóÊõæúÈõæúÇ ãöäú ÐõäõæúÈöåöãú ßóãóÇ Íóßóì Çááåõ - ÊÚÇáì - Úóäö ÇáãõÚóÐóøÈöíúäó ÇáúÓóøÇÈöÞöíúäó ÇáóøÐöíúäó ÇÌúÊóãóÚóÊú Úóáóíúåöãú ÎóÓóÇÑóÉõ ÇáúÏõøäúíóÇ ÈöÇáúåóáÇßö ÝöíúåóÇ ãóÚó ÚóÐóÇÈö ÇáúÂóÎöÑóÉö: (æóßóÃóíöøäú ãöäú ÞóÑúíóÉò ÚóÊóÊú Úóäú ÃóãúÑö ÑóÈöøåóÇ æóÑõÓõáöåö ÝóÍóÇÓóÈúäóÇåóÇ ÍöÓóÇÈóÇð ÔóÏöíúÏóÇð æóÚóÐóøÈúäóÇåóÇ ÚóÐóÇÈóÇð äõßúÑóÇð * ÝóÐóÇÞóÊú æóÈóÇáó ÃóãúÑöåóÇ æóßóÇäó ÚóÇÞöÈóÉõ ÃóãúÑöåóÇ ÎõÓúÑóÇð * ÃóÚóÏóø Çááåõ áóåõãú ÚóÐóÇÈóÇð ÔóÏöíúÏóÇð ÝóÇÊóøÞõæÇ Çááåó íóÇ Ãõæúáöíú ÇáúÃóáúÈóÇÈö ÇáóøÐöíúäó ÂóãóäõæúÇ ÞóÏú ÃóäúÒóáó Çááåõ Åöáóíúßõãú ÐößúÑóÇð) [ÇáúØóøáóÇÞö: 8-10].
ÅöäóøåóÇ ãóæúÚöÙóÉñ ÑóÈøóÇäöíóøÉñ áóäóÇ áöäóÍúÐóÑó ØõÑõÞó ÇáúÎóÇÓöÑöíúäó¡ æóäõÌóÇäöÈó ÃóÝúÚóÇáó ÇáúåóÇáößöíúäóº æóáöäóÊóøÈöÚó äóÕóÇÆöÍó ÇáãõÑúÓóáöíúäó: (ÝóÇÊóøÞõæÇ Çááå íóÇ Ãõæúáöíú ÇáúÃóáúÈóÇÈö ÇáóøÐöíúäó ÂãóäõæúÇ ÞóÏú ÃóäúÒóáó Çááåõ Åöáóíúßõãú ÐößúÑóÇð * ÑóøÓõæúáóÇð íóÊúáõæú Úóáóíúßõãú ÂóíóÇÊö Çááå ãõÈóíöøäóÇÊò áöøíõÎúÑöÌó ÇáóøÐöíúäó ÂãóäõæúÇ æóÚóãöáõæúÇ ÇáúÕóøÇáöÍóÇÊö ãöäó ÇáúÙõøáõãóÇÊö Åöáóì ÇáúäõøæúÑö) [ÇáúØóøáóÇÞö: 11].
æóÞóÏú ÑóÃóíúäóÇ Ýöí ÇáúÏõøäúíóÇ ãóäú ÎóÓöÑõæÇ ÃóãúæóÇáóåõãú ÝóÕóÇÑõæúÇ ÈóÚúÏó ÇáúÌöÏóÉö ÝõÞóÑóÇÁó íóÊóßóÝóøÝõæúäó ÇáúäóøÇÓó¡ æóÑóÃóíúäóÇ ãóäú äõÒöÚõæÇ ãöäú ÚõÑõæúÔöåöãú ÈóÚúÏó Ãóäú ÊóÞóáóøÈõæÇ Ýöí äóÚöíúãö Çáãõáúßö ÚöÔúÑöíúäó ÓóäóÉð æóËóáóÇËöíäó æóÃóÑúÈóÚöíúäó¡ ÝóåóæóæúÇ ãöäú ÐõÑóì ÇáúÚöÒöø æóÇáúÞõæóøÉö Åöáóì ãóØóÇãöäö ÇáÐõøáöø æóÇáúÖóøÚúÝö.. ÍóÊóøì ÊóãóäøóæÇ Ãóäóøåõãú ãóÇ ÎõáöÞõæúÇ ÃóÈóÏóÇð.. ÝóíóÇ áóåóÇ ãöäú ÚöÈóÑò áöáúãõÚúÊóÈöÑöíúäó..
åóÐóǺ æóÅöäøó ÇáúÃóÕúáó Ýöí ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäö ÇáúÎóÓóÇÑóÉõº áöÃóäóøåõ ÎõáöÞó: (ÙóáõæúãóÇð ÌóåõæúáóÇð) [ÇáúÃóÍúÒóÇÈõ: 72] ÅöáøóÇ Ãóäú íóãõäóø Çááåõ - ÊÚÇáì - Úóáóíúåö ÈöÇáÅöíúãóÇäö æóÇáÑóøÔóÇÏö.
æóÚóáóì ÍóÞöíúÞóÉö ÎõÓúÑóÇäö ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäö ÃóÞúÓóãó Çááåõ - ÊÚÇáì - Ýöíú ßöÊóÇÈöåö ÇáúÚóÒöíúÒö¡ ÝóÞóÇáó - ÓÈÍÇäå -: (æóÇáúÚóÕúÑö * Åöäóø ÇáúÅöäúÓóÇäó áóÝöíú ÎõÓúÑò) [ÇáúÚóÕúÑö: 1-2] æóáóãú íóÓúÊóËúäö ãöäú Ðóáößó: (ÅöáóøÇ ÇáóøÐöíúäó ÂóãóäõæúÇ æóÚóãöáõæúÇ ÇáúÕóøÇáöÍóÇÊö æóÊóæóÇÕóæúÇ ÈöÇáúÍóÞöø æóÊóæóÇÕóæúÇ ÈöÇáúÕóøÈúÑö) [ÇáúÚóÕúÑö: 3].
ÌóÚóáóäóÇ Çááåõ - ÊÚÇáì - æóæóÇáöÏóíúäóÇ æóÃóåúáóäóÇ æóÐõÑöøíóøÇÊöäóÇ ãöäúåõãú¡ æóËóÈøóÊóäóÇ Úóáóì Ðóáößó Åöáóì Ãóäú äóáúÞóÇåõ¡ Âóãöíúäó íóÇ ÑóÈóø ÇáúÚóÇáóãöíúäó.
æóÕóáõøæúÇ æóÓóáöøãõæúÇ
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